Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-7 (of 7 Records) |
Query Trace: Smith PW[original query] |
---|
Safety of antimicrobials during pregnancy: A systematic review of antimicrobials considered for treatment and postexposure prophylaxis of plague
Yu PA , Tran EL , Parker CM , Kim HJ , Yee EL , Smith PW , Russell Z , Nelson CA , Broussard CS , Yu YC , Meaney-Delman D . Clin Infect Dis 2020 70 S37-s50 BACKGROUND: The safety profile of antimicrobials used during pregnancy is one important consideration in the decision on how to treat and provide postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for plague during pregnancy. METHODS: We searched 5 scientific literature databases for primary sources on the safety of 9 antimicrobials considered for plague during pregnancy (amikacin, gentamicin, plazomicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, sulfadiazine, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SMX]) and abstracted data on maternal, pregnancy, and fetal/neonatal outcomes. RESULTS: Of 13 052 articles identified, 66 studies (case-control, case series, cohort, and randomized studies) and 96 case reports were included, totaling 27 751 prenatal exposures to amikacin (n = 9), gentamicin (n = 345), plazomicin (n = 0), streptomycin (n = 285), tobramycin (n = 43), chloramphenicol (n = 246), doxycycline (n = 2351), sulfadiazine (n = 870), and TMP-SMX (n = 23 602). Hearing or vestibular deficits were reported in 18/121 (15%) children and 17/109 (16%) pregnant women following prenatal streptomycin exposure. First trimester chloramphenicol exposure was associated with an elevated risk of an undescended testis (odds ratio [OR] 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-28.7). Doxycycline was associated with cardiovascular malformations (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-4.7) in 1 study and spontaneous abortion (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9-4.1) in a separate study. First trimester exposure to TMP-SMX was associated with increased risk of neural tube defects (pooled OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-4.3), spontaneous abortion (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.3-5.6), preterm birth (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1), and small for gestational age (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.2). No other statistically significant associations were reported. CONCLUSIONS: For most antimicrobials reviewed, adverse maternal/fetal/neonatal outcomes were not observed consistently. Prenatal exposure to streptomycin and TMP-SMX was associated with select birth defects in some studies. Based on limited data, chloramphenicol and doxycycline may be associated with adverse pregnancy or neonatal outcomes; however, more data are needed to confirm these associations. Antimicrobials should be used for treatment and PEP of plague during pregnancy; the choice of antimicrobials may be influenced by these data as well as information about the risks of plague during pregnancy. |
The National Ebola Training and Education Center: Preparing the United States for Ebola and other special pathogens
Kratochvil CJ , Evans L , Ribner BS , Lowe JJ , Harvey MC , Hunt RC , Tumpey AJ , Fagan RP , Schwedhelm MM , Bell S , Maher J , Kraft CS , Cagliuso NV Sr , Vanairsdale S , Vasa A , Smith PW . Health Secur 2017 15 (3) 253-260 The National Ebola Training and Education Center (NETEC) was established in 2015 in response to the 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa. The US Department of Health and Human Services office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sought to increase the competency of healthcare and public health workers, as well as the capability of healthcare facilities in the United States, to deliver safe, efficient, and effective care to patients infected with Ebola and other special pathogens nationwide. NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue, Emory University, and the University of Nebraska Medical Center/Nebraska Medicine were awarded this cooperative agreement, based in part on their experience in safely and successfully evaluating and treating patients with Ebola virus disease in the United States. In 2016, NETEC received a supplemental award to expand on 3 initial primary tasks: (1) develop metrics and conduct peer review assessments; (2) develop and provide educational materials, resources, and tools, including exercise design templates; (3) provide expert training and technical assistance; and, to add a fourth task, create a special pathogens clinical research network. |
Kinetic analysis of biomarkers in a cohort of US patients with Ebola virus disease
McElroy AK , Harmon JR , Flietstra TD , Campbell S , Mehta AK , Kraft CS , Lyon MG , Varkey JB , Ribner BS , Kratochvil CJ , Iwen PC , Smith PW , Ahmed R , Nichol ST , Spiropoulou CF . Clin Infect Dis 2016 63 (4) 460-7 BACKGROUND: Ebola virus (EBOV) infection causes a severe and often fatal disease. Despite the fact that more than 30 000 individuals have acquired Ebola virus disease (EVD), the medical and scientific community still does not have a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which EBOV causes such severe disease. METHODS: In this study, 54 biomarkers in plasma samples serially collected from 7 patients with EVD were analyzed in an attempt to define the kinetics of inflammatory modulators. Two clinical disease groups were defined (moderate and severe) based on the need for clinical support. Biomarkers were evaluated for correlation with viremia and clinical disease in an effort to identify pathways that could be useful targets of therapeutic intervention. RESULTS: Patients with severe disease had higher viremia than those with moderate disease. Several biomarkers of immune activation and control were significantly elevated in patients with moderate disease. A series of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were significantly elevated in patients with severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: Biomarkers that were associated with severe EVD were proinflammatory and indicative of endothelial or coagulation cascade dysfunction, as has been seen historically in patients with fatal outcomes. In contrast, biomarkers that were associated with moderate EVD were suggestive of a strong interferon response and control of both innate and adaptive responses. Therefore, clinical interventions that modulate the phenotype and magnitude of immune activation may be beneficial in treating EVD. |
Use of post-exposure prophylaxis after occupational exposure to Zaire ebolavirus
Wong KK , Davey RT Jr , Hewlett AL , Kraft CS , Mehta AK , Mulligan MJ , Beck A , Dorman W , Kratochvil CJ , Lai L , Palmore TN , Rogers S , Smith PW , Suffredini AF , Wolcott M , Stroher U , Uyeki TM . Clin Infect Dis 2016 63 (3) 376-9 From September 2014-April 2015, six persons who had occupational exposures to Zaire ebolavirus in West Africa received investigational agents rVSV-ZEBOV or TKM-100802 for post-exposure prophylaxis and were monitored in the U.S. All patients experienced self-limited symptoms after PEP; none developed Ebola virus disease. |
Administration of brincidofovir and convalescent plasma in a patient with Ebola virus disease
Florescu DF , Kalil AC , Hewlett AL , Schuh AJ , Stroher U , Uyeki TM , Smith PW . Clin Infect Dis 2015 61 (6) 969-73 From 2014 to early May 2015, >26,000 Ebola virus disease (EVD) cases were reported from West Africa. We present an EVD patient who received brincidofovir and convalescent plasma treatment. The relative contributions of supportive care, investigational therapies, or the patient's immune response upon the patient's survival could not be determined. |
The use of TKM-100802 and convalescent plasma in 2 patients with Ebola virus disease in the United States
Kraft CS , Hewlett AL , Koepsell S , Winkler AM , Kratochvil CJ , Larson L , Varkey JB , Mehta AK , Lyon GM 3rd , Friedman-Moraco RJ , Marconi VC , Hill CE , Sullivan JN , Johnson DW , Lisco SJ , Mulligan MJ , Uyeki TM , McElroy AK , Sealy T , Campbell S , Spiropoulou C , Stroher U , Crozier I , Sacra R , Connor MJ Jr , Sueblivong V , Franch HA , Smith PW , Ribner BS . Clin Infect Dis 2015 61 (4) 496-502 The current West Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak has resulted in multiple individuals being medically evacuated to other countries for clinical management. We report two patients who were transported from West Africa to the United States for treatment of EVD. Both patients received aggressive supportive care measures, as well as an investigational therapeutic (TKM-100802) and convalescent plasma. While one patient experienced critical illness with multi-organ failure requiring mechanical ventilation and renal replacement therapy, both patients recovered without serious long-term sequelae to date. It is unclear what role the experimental drug and convalescent plasma had in the recovery of these patients. Prospective clinical trials are needed to delineate the role of investigational therapies in the care of patients with EVD. |
Surveillance definitions of infections in long-term care facilities: revisiting the McGeer Criteria
Stone ND , Ashraf MS , Calder J , Crnich CJ , Crossley K , Drinka PJ , Gould CV , Juthani-Mehta M , Lautenbach E , Loeb M , Maccannell T , Malani PN , Mody L , Mylotte JM , Nicolle LE , Roghmann MC , Schweon SJ , Simor AE , Smith PW , Stevenson KB , Bradley SF . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012 33 (10) 965-77 Infection surveillance definitions for long-term care facilities (ie, the McGeer Criteria) have not been updated since 1991. An expert consensus panel modified these definitions on the basis of a structured review of the literature. Significant changes were made to the criteria defining urinary tract and respiratory tract infections. New definitions were added for norovirus gastroenteritis and Clostridum difficile infections. |
- Page last reviewed:Feb 1, 2024
- Page last updated:May 06, 2024
- Content source:
- Powered by CDC PHGKB Infrastructure